A conferenced paper titled “Effect of Tactile Affordance During the Design of Extended Reality-Based Training Environments for Healthcare Contexts” was published at the 15th International Conference, VAMR 2023 held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference. In this paper, the impact of tactile affordance in the design of Extended Reality (XR)-based environments is presented. Tactile affordance is identified as a key criterion of Human eXtended Reality Interaction (HXRI), contributing to the development of human-centered XR training environments. To examine its role, XR-based training environments were developed for two surgical procedures: Condylar plating, which is used to treat femur fractures, and endotracheal intubation training. Three studies were conducted to investigate how different interaction methods enhance tactile affordance in XR environments. A comprehensive discussion of these studies and their findings is provided in this paper.
